Sudan - February 2025

On 23 February, the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied political and armed groups signed a charter in Nairobi aimed at establishing a parallel government in the areas of Sudan under their control. Experts warned the formation of such a government would entrench the de facto partition of Sudan between the warring parties, with administrative control currently split between the Army-led government, the RSF and other armed groups. They suggested that this in turn could further destabilise the country and worsen the conflict, which has been characterised by large-scale ethnic and gender-based violence, attacks on civilians and critical civilian infrastructure, famine and allegations of atrocity crimes, including genocide. The charter’s signatories reportedly intend to form the government ‘within weeks.’

Sources: Sudan Founding Charter, Sudan Tribune, European Council on Foreign Relations, The Economist, Reuters