On 6 February, a reservist in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) was convicted by a military court for abusing Palestinian detainees at the Sde Teiman facility between January and June 2024. The reservist admitted to repeatedly assaulting bound and blindfolded detainees under his custody, using his fists, a baton, and a rifle. He also forced the detainees to imitate animal sounds, recording these humiliations on his mobile phone. The court sentenced him to seven months in prison, with 80 days deducted for time already served in pre-trial detention. While this is the first conviction related to abuse allegations at the facility, rights groups have condemned the sentence as insufficient to deter similar incidents in the future. Investigations into other claims of torture and abuse at the facility are still ongoing. On 19 February, military prosecutors indicted five more IDF reservists accused of sexually abusing a Palestinian detainee.

Sources: Israel Defense Forces (1), Israel Defense Forces (2), Reuters, The Jerusalem Post

On 26 January, the Judicial Selection Committee appointed Isaac Amit as President of the Supreme Court, ending a 16-month vacancy. However, Justice Minister Yariv Levin refused to recognize the authority of the newly appointed President, exacerbating growing tensions between the courts and the executive. Levin, who opposes the seniority-based appointment process of the Judicial Selection Committee, called Amit’s nomination “illegitimate.” Levin also boycotted the swearing-in ceremony of Amit, alongside Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. The executive’s refusal to acknowledge a Supreme Court President appointment is unprecedented and, observers argue that it compromises the cooperation necessary for the courts' effective functioning, especially given the President’s key role in overseeing judicial appointments, case assignments, disciplinary panels, and judge transfers or removals.

Sources: The Times of Israel (1), The Times of Israel (2), Haaretz, The Jerusalem Post, Israel Democracy Institute (1), Israel Democracy Institute (2), Haaretz (2), The Times of Israel (3)

On 9 January, Israeli Justice Minister Yariv Levin and Foreign Minister Gideon Sa'ar introduced a new judicial reform bill aimed at restructuring the Judicial Selection Committee. This move follows earlier judicial reform proposals made in 2023, some of which were struck down by the Supreme Court in 2024 following widespread protests. The new proposed changes include replacing the two representatives of the Israel Bar Association with one lawyer appointed by the government coalition and one by the opposition, thereby increasing political representation on the committee. Additionally, the bill seeks to reduce the majority required for Supreme Court appointments from the current 7-2 to 5-4. A mechanism to prevent deadlocks in the event of persistent vacancies is also included. Observers warn that, despite being presented as a 'compromise solution,' the new bill could politicize judicial appointments and undermine the judiciary's independence if enacted.

Sources: The Jerusalem Post, The Times of Israel, The Israel Democracy Institute

On 7 November, the Knesset passed legislation authorizing the Interior Minister to deport the immediate family members of individuals convicted of terrorism offenses, including Israeli citizens. Relatives who knew of a plan to commit such an offence and failed to report it, or expressed support for the act, are liable to be deported to Gaza or elsewhere for seven to 20 years. Civil rights groups condemned the law as unconstitutional, arguing it undermines citizenship rights and constitutes collective punishment against Palestinian citizens of Israel and residents of East Jerusalem. Also on 7 November, the Knesset approved a temporary five-year provision allowing children as young as 12 to be detained in closed facilities under terrorism laws if charged with murder or attempted murder. The provision permits transferring these minors to standard prisons once they turn 14. Both laws have faced significant criticism, and observers anticipate judicial challenges in the Supreme Court.

Sources: Knesset (1), Knesset (2), The Times of Israel, The Association for Civil Rights in Israel, Middle East Monitor

On 28 October, the Knesset passed two bills to ban the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) from operating in Israel. The first bill prohibits UNRWA from providing services or conducting activities in Israel, directly or indirectly. The second bill terminates the 1967 treaty between Israel and UNRWA, ending recognition of the agency and removing legal immunity for its staff. The legislation, passed by a significant majority (92–10), is set to take effect 90 days after its passing. UN Secretary-General António Guterres condemned the legislation, stating it violates the UN Charter and international law and further warned that, under Israel’s occupation, the ban puts UNRWA's operations in Palestine at risk, as coordination with Israeli authorities is essential for accessing Gaza and the West Bank. Amnesty International also voiced concern, stating that the decision contradicts an order by the International Court of Justice, which mandates Israel to ensure sufficient humanitarian aid and facilitate the provision of basic services in Gaza.

Sources: The Jerusalem Post, United Nations (1), United Nations (2), Reuters, Amnesty International, UN Secretary General