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Ethiopia

Monthly Updates

November 2022

On 2 November Ethiopia’s federal government and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) signed a peace agreement aimed at ending the country’s civil war – a conflict that erupted in November 2020 and has included serious human rights violations. Widely welcomed as a diplomatic breakthrough, the deal (among other things) commits the parties to a permanent cessation of hostilities and to securing humanitarian access to the Tigray province. However, the non-participation of Eritrea, a government ally and major party to the conflict, has raised concerns among commentators that it may frustrate the agreement’s implementation. Even so, according to the World Food Programme the agreement has opened humanitarian access to parts of Tigray, allowing it to accelerate its operations.

September 2022

The International Commission of Human Rights Experts in Ethiopia believes the parties to Ethiopia’s ongoing conflict have committed serious violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, and that the Ethiopian government and its allies have committed (and continue to commit) crimes against humanity. In its September report, it found that rape and sexual violence has been perpetrated on “a staggering scale” since the conflict began and, that while all parties had committed these acts, Tigrayan women and girls had been targeted with particular violence and brutality by the Ethiopian and Eritrean forces and by allied regional militia. It also found that the Ethiopian federal government has been using starvation as a weapon of war by denying humanitarian access to the Tigray Region where, it reports, 90 per cent of its 5.3 million inhabitants are in dire need of humanitarian assistance. Also reported were large-scale killings of civilians by all parties.          

August 2022
Red flag

The military conflict between the federal government and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front resumed at full scale, bringing an end to a five-month humanitarian ceasefire. Between the resumption of hostilities on 24 August and the end of the month, civilian deaths have been reported to have resulted from two air strikes on Mekelle, the capital of Tigray province. The World Food Programme stated that the fighting has cut off the access it had to Tigray during the humanitarian ceasefire and that this will push those in the region further into hunger. Academics have estimated that 500,000 Tigrayans have died of hunger and related causes since the start of the conflict in November 2020. 

Explore past monthly updates

GSoD Indices Data 2012-2021

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Basic Information

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Population Tooltip
117 876 230
System of government
Parliamentary system
Head of government
Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed (since 2018)
Head of government party
Prosperity Party
Electoral system for lower or single chamber
First Past the Post
Women in lower or single chamber
41.5%
Women in upper chamber
30.6%
Last legislative election
2021
Head of state
President Sahle-Work Zewde
Selection process for head of state
Indirect election (assembly)
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) date
14/05/2019
Latest Universal Periodic Review (UPR) percentage of recommendations supported
94.29%
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Human Rights Treaties

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State Party State party
Signatory Signatory
No Action No action
United Nations Human Right Treaties
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
State Party
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
State Party
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
State Party
Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
State Party
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment
State Party
Convention on the Rights of the Child
State Party
International Convention on Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
No Action
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance 
No Action
International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
State Party
International Labour Organisation Treaties
Forced Labour Convention
State Party
Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention
State Party
Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention
State Party
Equal Remuneration Convention
State Party
Abolition of Forced Labour Convention
State Party
Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention
State Party
Convention concerning Minimum Age for Admission to Employment
State Party
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention
State Party
Regional Treaties
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
State Party
in
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Attributes Over Time

Representative government neutral Representative Government
Sep 2022
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb 2023
Representative government neutral Fundamental rights
Sep 2022
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb 2023
Representative government neutral Checks on government
Sep 2022
Oct
Nov
Dec
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Feb 2023
Representative government neutral Impartial administration
Sep 2022
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb 2023
Representative government neutral Participatory engagement
Sep 2022
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb 2023

GSoD Indices

Regime type
0 10