Peru - March 2024

Congress suspended two members (Ines Tello and Aldo Vasquez) of the National Board of Justice (Junta Nacional de Justicia, JNJ), in a process criticized by experts and human rights organizations as undermining judicial independence. Some analysts also consider this an attempt by Congress to influence the appointment of judges and heads of electoral authorities, given the JNJ’s authority on the subject. Tello and Vasquez were also determined to be ineligible to hold public office, after being accused of contravening a constitutional provision on the age limit of the Board’s members. The decision to remove the two members was approved by the minimum required votes. At least one lawmaker voted in contravention of rules that prevent members of the Permanent Commission from taking part in the decision, sparking further criticism. Days later, Lima’s Supreme Constitutional Chamber reinstated the JNJ members pending the appeal process. Congress rejected the Chamber’s decision and has announced new accusations against the JNJ.  

Sources: La Republica (1), Human Rights Watch, La Republica (2), Deutsche Welle, El Pais,  International IDEA 

A constitutional reform amendment, that transforms the legislature into a bicameral body, starting in 2026, was promulgated on 20 March after being passed by Congress. Once the next Congress is elected, a Senate comprised of 60 elected representatives (serving five-year terms) will be reinstated. In 1993, Congress became a one chamber legislature during Fujimorismo. The reform also includes provisions that will reinstate the ability of legislators to run for re-election. Critics argue that the measure directly contravenes the results of a 2018 referendum, in which both bicameralism and reelection of legislators was rejected by a wide margin. However, proponents of the amendment have highlighted that the 2018 referendum considered a different form of bicameralism that would have undermined the balance of powers. Those who support the reform argue that the Senate will contribute to a better functioning of Congress by overseeing inquiries initiated by the Chamber of Deputies and ensure a speedier and more efficient lawmaking process. Supporters of reelection say it enables the professionalization of politics.  

Sources: Congress of Peru, Infobae, France 24