Political Finance Database
34. Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for candidates?
| Theme | Public funding |
|---|---|
| Description | A form of indirect state assistance is to provide free or subsidised access to eligible candidates to (often state controlled) media. This is normally intended to help level the playing and allowing eligible candidates to make their message heard. |
Breakdown by continent
| Continent | No | Yes | Not applicable | No data | Countries researched |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | 9 (17.6%) |
39 (76.5%) |
2 (3.9%) |
1 (2.0%) |
51 |
| Americas | 14 (41.2%) |
14 (41.2%) |
2 (5.9%) |
4 (11.8%) |
34 |
| Asia | 14 (37.8%) |
23 (62.2%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
37 |
| Europe | 15 (33.3%) |
26 (57.8%) |
4 (8.9%) |
0 (0.0%) |
45 |
| Oceania | 11 (78.6%) |
3 (21.4%) |
0 (0.0%) |
0 (0.0%) |
14 |
| Other | 0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 (0%) |
0 |
| Total | 63 | 105 | 8 | 5 | 181 |
Country Answers
| Country | Year | Value (Text) | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 2021 | Yes | |
| Albania | 2021 | Yes | |
| Algeria | 2021 | Yes | |
| Andorra | 2018 | Yes | |
| Angola | 2019 | Yes | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 2018 | Yes | |
| Argentina | 2019 | Not applicable | |
| Armenia | 2021 | No | |
| Australia | 2019 | No | |
| Austria | 2023 | No | |
| Azerbaijan | 2023 | Yes | |
| Bahamas | 2018 | No | |
| Bahrain | 2021 | Yes | |
| Bangladesh | 2018 | No | |
| Barbados | 2018 | No | |
| Belarus | 2018 | Yes | |
| Belgium | 2018 | No | |
| Belize | 2018 | No | |
| Benin | 2018 | Yes | |
| Bhutan | 2018 | Yes | |
| Bolivia | 2019 | Yes | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2018 | Yes | |
| Botswana | 2021 | No | |
| Brazil | 2019 | Yes | |
| Bulgaria | 2021 | Yes | |
| Burkina Faso | 2018 | No | |
| Burundi | 2021 | Yes | |
| Cabo Verde | 2018 | Yes | |
| Cambodia | 2018 | No | |
| Cameroon | 2019 | No | |
| Canada | 2019 | No | |
| Central African Republic | 2021 | Yes | |
| Chad | 2021 | No | |
| Chile | 2018 | Yes | |
| Colombia | 2021 | Yes | |
| Comoros | 2021 | Yes | |
| Congo, Democratic Republic of | 2018 | Yes | |
| Costa Rica | 2021 | Not applicable | |
| Croatia | 2018 | Yes | |
| Cyprus | 2018 | Yes | |
| Czechia | 2018 | Yes | |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 2018 | Yes | |
| Denmark | 2021 | No | |
| Djibouti | 2018 | Yes | |
| Dominica | 2018 | No | |
| Dominican Republic | 2021 | Yes | |
| Ecuador | 2021 | Yes | |
| Egypt | 2019 | Yes | |
| El Salvador | 2018 | No | |
| Equatorial Guinea | 2021 | Yes | |
| Estonia | 2019 | No | |
| Eswatini | 2018 | No | |
| Ethiopia | 2019 | Yes | |
| Fiji | 2021 | No | |
| Finland | 2018 | No | |
| France | 2019 | Yes | |
| Gabon | 2018 | Yes | |
| Georgia | 2023 | Yes | |
| Germany | 2019 | No | |
| Ghana | 2018 | Yes | |
| Greece | 2023 | Yes | |
| Grenada | 2018 | No | |
| Guatemala | 2018 | No | |
| Guinea | 2018 | Yes | |
| Guinea-Bissau | 2018 | Yes | |
| Guyana | 2018 | No data | |
| Haiti | 2018 | No data | |
| Honduras | 2021 | Yes | |
| Hungary | 2018 | Yes | |
| Iceland | 2018 | No | |
| India | 2019 | No | |
| Indonesia | 2021 | Yes | |
| Iran, Islamic Republic of | 2021 | Yes | |
| Iraq | 2019 | Yes | |
| Ireland | 2023 | No | |
| Israel | 2018 | No | |
| Italy | 2019 | Yes | |
| Jamaica | 2018 | No data | |
| Japan | 2018 | Yes | |
| Jordan | 2019 | No | |
| Kazakhstan | 2018 | Yes | |
| Kenya | 2023 | Not applicable | |
| Kiribati | 2018 | No | |
| Korea, Republic of | 2023 | Yes | |
| Kosovo | 2023 | Not applicable | |
| Kyrgyzstan | 2021 | Yes | |
| Latvia | 2023 | Not applicable | |
| Lebanon | 2019 | Yes | |
| Lesotho | 2021 | Yes | |
| Liberia | 2018 | No | |
| Libya | 2021 | Yes | |
| Liechtenstein | 2021 | No | |
| Lithuania | 2023 | Yes | |
| Luxembourg | 2018 | No | |
| Madagascar | 2018 | Yes | |
| Malawi | 2023 | Yes | |
| Malaysia | 2021 | No | |
| Maldives | 2018 | Yes | |
| Mali | 2018 | Yes | |
| Malta | 2018 | Yes | |
| Marshall Islands | 2018 | Yes | |
| Mauritania | 2018 | No | |
| Mauritius | 2018 | Yes | |
| Mexico | 2019 | Yes | |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | 2018 | No | |
| Moldova, Republic of | 2019 | Yes | |
| Monaco | 2018 | Yes | |
| Mongolia | 2023 | Yes | |
| Montenegro | 2021 | Yes | |
| Morocco | 2021 | Yes | |
| Mozambique | 2018 | Yes | |
| Myanmar | 2018 | No | |
| Namibia | 2018 | No | |
| Nauru | 2018 | No | |
| Nepal | 2018 | No | |
| Netherlands | 2023 | No | |
| New Zealand | 2023 | Yes | |
| Nicaragua | 2021 | Yes | |
| Niger | 2018 | Yes | |
| Nigeria | 2023 | No | |
| North Macedonia, Republic of | 2021 | Yes | |
| Norway | 2018 | No | |
| Pakistan | 2021 | Yes | |
| Palau | 2018 | Yes | |
| Panama | 2023 | Yes | |
| Papua New Guinea | 2018 | No | |
| Paraguay | 2019 | No | |
| Peru | 2021 | No | |
| Philippines | 2018 | Yes | |
| Poland | 2019 | Yes | |
| Portugal | 2018 | Yes | |
| Republic of The Congo (Brazzaville) | 2018 | Yes | |
| Romania | 2018 | Yes | |
| Russian Federation | 2018 | Yes | |
| Rwanda | 2019 | Yes | |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 2018 | No | |
| Saint Lucia | 2018 | Yes | |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 2018 | No | |
| Samoa | 2021 | No | |
| San Marino | 2018 | Yes | |
| Senegal | 2021 | Yes | |
| Serbia | 2023 | Yes | |
| Seychelles | 2021 | Yes | |
| Sierra Leone | 2018 | Yes | |
| Singapore | 2018 | No | |
| Slovakia | 2023 | Not applicable | |
| Slovenia | 2018 | Yes | |
| Solomon Islands | 2018 | No | |
| South Africa | 2021 | Not applicable | |
| Spain | 2018 | No | |
| Sri Lanka | 2018 | Yes | |
| Sudan | 2018 | Yes | |
| Suriname | 2018 | No data | |
| Sweden | 2018 | No | |
| Switzerland | 2023 | No | |
| Syrian Arab Republic | 2018 | No | |
| São Tomé and Príncipe | 2021 | No data | |
| Taiwan | 2021 | No | |
| Tajikistan | 2018 | Yes | |
| Tanzania, United Republic of | 2021 | Yes | |
| Thailand | 2018 | No | |
| The Gambia | 2018 | Yes | |
| Timor-Leste | 2018 | Yes | |
| Togo | 2018 | Yes | |
| Tonga | 2018 | No | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 2018 | No | |
| Tunisia | 2023 | Yes | |
| Turkey | 2021 | No | |
| Turkmenistan | 2018 | Yes | |
| Tuvalu | 2021 | No | |
| Uganda | 2018 | Yes | |
| Ukraine | 2021 | Not applicable | |
| United Kingdom | 2018 | Yes | |
| United States | 2018 | No | |
| Uruguay | 2021 | Yes | |
| Uzbekistan | 2018 | Yes | |
| Vanuatu | 2018 | No | |
| Venezuela | 2021 | Yes | |
| Yemen | 2018 | Yes | |
| Zambia | 2018 | Yes | |
| Zimbabwe | 2018 | Yes |
Total number of countries in selected sample: 181
