Political Finance Database

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Bans and limits on private income
Public funding
Regulations of spending
Reporting, oversight and sanctions
Question Value
1. Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to political parties?
Code
Yes
Comment

Candidates and political parties and groups are not entitled to any material or immaterial assistance to persons who have non-Iranian citizenship or to persons 

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(8) note 1)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

2. Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to candidates?
Code
Yes
Comment

Candidates and political parties and groups are not entitled to any material or immaterial assistance to persons who have non-Iranian citizenship or to persons 

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(8) note 1)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

3. Is there a ban on corporate donations to political parties?
Code
Yes
Comment

Legal entities, except for political parties and groups, and charitable organizations and endowments, are prohibited from directly or indirectly contributing to electoral activities under any title. Whether in the form of cash or non-cash donations, or providing property, services or other direct or indirect benefits at a lower price than their normal price for candidates or for campaigning and propaganda purposes.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(8) note 2)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

4. Is there a ban on corporate donations to candidates?
Code
Yes
Comment

Legal entities, except for political parties and groups, and charitable organizations and endowments, are prohibited from directly or indirectly contributing to electoral activities under any title. Whether in the form of cash or non-cash donations, or providing property, services or other direct or indirect benefits at a lower price than their normal price for candidates or for campaigning and propaganda purposes.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(8) note 2)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

5. Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to political parties?
Code
Yes
Comment

Legal entities, except for political parties and groups, and charitable organizations and endowments, are prohibited from directly or indirectly contributing to electoral activities under any title. Whether in the form of cash or non-cash donations, or providing property, services or other direct or indirect benefits at a lower price than their normal price for candidates or for campaigning and propaganda purposes.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(8) note 2)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

6. Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to candidates?
Code
Yes
Comment

Legal entities, except for political parties and groups, and charitable organizations and endowments, are prohibited from directly or indirectly contributing to electoral activities under any title. Whether in the form of cash or non-cash donations, or providing property, services or other direct or indirect benefits at a lower price than their normal price for candidates or for campaigning and propaganda purposes.

 

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(8) note 2)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

7. Is there a ban on anonymous donations to political parties?
Code
Yes
Comment

Receipt and payment of cash or non-cash financial assistance to finance the election campaign must be transparent and the identity of the payer and recipient must be known 

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(9) note 2)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

8. Is there a ban on anonymous donations to candidates?
Code
Yes
Comment

Receipt and payment of cash or non-cash financial assistance to finance the election campaign must be transparent and the identity of the payer and recipient must be known 

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(9) note 2)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

9. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to political parties?
Code
Yes
Comment

Legal entities, except for political parties and groups, and charitable organizations and endowments, are prohibited from directly or indirectly contributing to electoral activities under any title. Whether in the form of cash or non-cash donations, or providing property, services or other direct or indirect benefits at a lower price than their normal price for candidates or for campaigning and propaganda purposes.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(8) note 2)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

10. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to candidates?
Code
Yes
Comment

Legal entities, except for political parties and groups, and charitable organizations and endowments, are prohibited from directly or indirectly contributing to electoral activities under any title. Whether in the form of cash or non-cash donations, or providing property, services or other direct or indirect benefits at a lower price than their normal price for candidates or for campaigning and propaganda purposes.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(8) note 2)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

11. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with partial government ownership to political parties?
Code
Yes
Comment

Legal entities, except for political parties and groups, and charitable organizations and endowments, are prohibited from directly or indirectly contributing to electoral activities under any title. Whether in the form of cash or non-cash donations, or providing property, services or other direct or indirect benefits at a lower price than their normal price for candidates or for campaigning and propaganda purposes.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(8) note 2)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

12. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with partial government ownership to candidates?
Code
Yes
Comment

Legal entities, except for political parties and groups, and charitable organizations and endowments, are prohibited from directly or indirectly contributing to electoral activities under any title. Whether in the form of cash or non-cash donations, or providing property, services or other direct or indirect benefits at a lower price than their normal price for candidates or for campaigning and propaganda purposes.

 

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(8) note 2)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

13. Is there a ban on the use of state resources in favour or against a political party or candidate?
Code
Yes
Comment

Any use of parties by government resources and facilities of the executive bodies subject to Article 5 of the Civil Service Management Law by the parties shall result in penalties from warning to fines.                                                                                         Starting from the date of the official announcement of Majles candidate names, the following will be prohibited:

Any campaign activity by the Islamic Republic Radio and Television Broadcasting; by Friday prayer leaders; or by any other facility that has an official and governmental capacity. Any campaign activity by government employees during working hours.  Utilizing facilities and resources of ministries and offices, government companies, and companies, organizations, and institutes affiliated with the government and municipalities, and units and institutes that use a public budget (of any amount).  Providing any of these facilities and resources is prohibited and violators will be considered guilty. Publications and newspapers belonging to organizations, ministries, offices, entities, and institutions indicated in this article do not have the right to campaign for the candidates even in the form of advertisement.

Source

Law on the Activities of Political Parties and Groups, Art. 16 (6) Note 2 and Art. 19.

Law for the Elections of the Islamic Consultative Parliament [Majles], Art. 59 (1, 2)   

 https://irandataportal.syr.edu/the-electoral-law-for-parliamentary-elections

14. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during a non-election specific period?
Code
No
Comment

There is no provision in the law on this matter.

15. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during a non-election specific period, what is the limit?
Code
Not applicable
16. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during an election?
Code
No
17. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during an election, what is the limit?
Code
Not applicable
18. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate?
Code
Yes, for natural persons
Comment

The amount of assistance and gifts of each natural person to the total number of candidates to cover election expenses is a maximum of twenty percent (20%) of the candidate's election expenses.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(12)

19. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate, what is the limit?
Code
20% of candidates´election expenses
Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(12)

20. Is there a limit on the amount a candidate can contribute to their own election campaign?
Code
No
Comment

There is no provision in the law on this matter.

21. Is there a limit on in-kind donations to political parties?
Code
No
Comment

There is no provision in the law on this matter

22. Is there a limit on in-kind donations to candidates?
Code
Yes
Comment

The amount of assistance and gifts of each natural person to the total number of candidates to cover election expenses is a maximum of twenty percent (20%) of the candidate's election expenses.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(12)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

23. Is there a ban on political parties engaging in commercial activities?
Code
No
Comment

The parties, fronts and coalitions subject to this law are free to carry out their activities within the framework of laws and regulations, and in case of committing the following acts:… Carrying out any economic and for-profit activity, including through the establishment of companies and commercial institutions or importing and exporting and any economic activity to be subject to commercial law.

Source

Law on the Activities of Political Parties and Groups, Art. 18 /E

24. Is there a ban on political parties taking loans in relation to election campaigns?
Code
No
Comment

There is no provision in the law on this matter.

25. Is there a ban on candidates taking loans in relation to election campaigns?
Code
No
Comment

There is no provision in the law on this matter,

26. Is there a ban on donors to political parties/candidates participating in public tender/procurement processes?
Code
No
Comment

There is no provision in the law on this matter

27. Are there provisions requiring donations to go through the banking system?
Code
Yes
Comment

Receipt and payment of cash or non-cash financial assistance to finance the election campaign must be transparent and the identity of the payer and recipient must be known…Any payment and cash assistance must be done through bank documents or electronically and through the account number. 

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(9) note 1)

Law amended, January 12, 2020 Reference: https://perma.cc/DJD4-P8WR

Question Value
28. Are there provisions for direct public funding to political parties?
Code
Yes, regularly
Comment

Government grants and subsidies  In order to help the parties, the government shall provide an annual budget line in the annual budget.

Source

Law on the Activities of Political Parties and Groups, Art. 16 (4) Note 1.

29. What are the eligibility criteria for political parties to receive public funding?
Code
Registration as a political party
Source

Law on the Activities of Political Parties and Groups, Art. 17 

30. What is the allocation calculation for political parties to receive public funding?
Code
Other
Comment

Allocation of funds for assistance to the parties subject to Article 16 of this law shall be in accordance with the instructions approved by the Commission of Parties and shall also supervise its proper implementation.

Source

Law on the Activities of Political Parties and Groups, Art. 17

31. What are the provisions on 'ear marking' direct public funding to political parties (how it should be used)?
Code
Ongoing party activities
Comment

l parties eligible to receive assistance are required to use the funds received for the purposes and programs of the party and report it to the end of the fiscal year. Receipt of the subsidy is subject to the submission of a financial report and its approval by the Party Commission.  

Source

Law on the Activities of Political Parties and Groups, Art. 17 

32. Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for political parties?
Code
No
33. What criteria determine allocation for free or subsidized access to media for political parties?
Code
Not applicable
34. Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for candidates?
Code
Yes
Comment

Presidential candidates whose qualification has been confirmed by the Guardian Council and their names announced by the Ministry of Interior have equal rights to use Iranian state radio and television stations to introduce and present their programs. Arrangement and order of candidates' election advertisements through Iranian state radio and television are up to the Committee for Elections  Advertisements. 

No provision is available about media access for parliamentary candidates.

Source

Presidential Electoral Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Art. 65.

35. Are there provisions for any other form of indirect public funding?
Code
Yes
Comment

Public resources and facilities that are allowed to be used in accordance with this law and other related laws for election activities and campaigning, such as meeting halls, advertising installations, and television documentaries.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law (Art. 65(8) 

36. Is the provision of direct public funding to political parties tied to gender equality among candidates?
Code
No
37. Are there provisions for other financial advantages to encourage gender equality in political parties?
Code
No
Question Value
38. Is there a ban on vote buying?
Code
Yes
Comment

In the following situations, with the confirmation of the Supervisory Board of the affected electoral district, voter ballots will be invalidated.  The votes will, however, still be counted towards the final vote count. Details will be reported in a set of minutes. The minutes will mention all such votes and the physical ballots will be attached to the minutes: ... Votes that have been obtained via buying or selling.

Following actions are considered crime: 1. Buying and selling votes. 

Source

Law for the Elections of the Islamic Consultative Parliament [Majles], Art. 16 (2

Presidential Electoral Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Art. 33(1)

39. Are there limits on the amount a political party can spend?
Code
No
Comment

The maximum cost of each candidate in each election period of the Advertising Review Commission shall be approved by the Central Executive Board and supervised by the Central Board: Expenditures of political parties and groups outside the start of the election process are not subject to this restriction.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law, Art. 65(11) 

40. If there are limits on the amount a political party can spend, what is the limit?
Code
Not applicable
41. Are there limits on the amount a candidate can spend?
Code
Yes
Comment

The maximum cost of each candidate in each election period of the Advertising Review Commission shall be approved by the Central Executive Board and supervised by the Central Board. Expenses and expenses incurred by natural persons or political parties and groups with the consent of the candidates or their election headquarters shall be calculated in the ceiling of the candidates' expenses.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law, Art. 65(11) Note 1.

42. If there are limits on the amount a candidate can spend, what is the limit?
Code
It is determined by the Central Executive Board
Comment

The maximum cost of each candidate in each election period of the Advertising Review Commission shall be approved by the Central Executive Board and supervised by the Central Board. Expenses and expenses incurred by natural persons or political parties and groups with the consent of the candidates or their election headquarters shall be calculated in the ceiling of the candidates' expenses.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law, Art. 65(11) Note 1.

43. Are there limits on the amount that third parties can spend on election campaign activities?
Code
No
44. Are there limits on traditional media advertising spending in relation to election campaigns?
Code
No
45. Are there limits on online media advertising spending in relation to election campaigns?
Code
No
46. Do any other restrictions on online media advertisement (beyond limits) exist?
Code
No
Question Value
47. Do political parties have to report regularly on their finances?
Code
Yes
Comment

All parties eligible to receive assistance are required to use the funds received for the purposes and programs of the party and report it to the end of the fiscal year. Send party commissions. Receipt of the subsidy is subject to the submission of a financial report and its approval by the Party Commission.

Source

Law on the Activities of Political Parties and Groups, Art. 17.

48. Do political parties have to report on their election campaign finances?
Code
Yes
Comment

Political parties and groups and candidates to participate in the elections are obliged to transparently and in a transparent manner with all expenses and expenses related to their election activities and campaign expenses and the sources of financing these expenses and the amount of cash and non-cash financial aid received. Observe the observance of standard accounting methods in the election financial system, so that through the commission of Article (10) of the Law on the Activities of Political Parties and Groups and Executive Boards and Supervision, as available, audits and reviews.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law, Art. 65(17) Note .

49. Do candidates have to report on their election campaign finances?
Code
Yes
Comment

Political parties and groups and candidates to participate in the elections are obliged to transparently and in a transparent manner with all expenses and expenses related to their election activities and campaign expenses and the sources of financing these expenses and the amount of cash and non-cash financial aid received. Observe the observance of standard accounting methods in the election financial system, so that through the commission of Article (10) of the Law on the Activities of Political Parties and Groups and Executive Boards and Supervision, as available, audits and reviews.

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law, Art. 65(11) Note.

50. Do third parties have to report on election campaign finances?
Code
No
51. Is information in reports from political parties and/or candidates to be made public?
Code
No
52. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates reveal the identity of donors?
Code
Yes
Comment

Receipt and payment of cash or non-cash financial assistance to finance the election campaign must be transparent and the identity of the payer and recipient must be known as follows: Payer (Natural person): name and surname, national code, place of residence and source of payment of cash and non-cash funds of political parties and groups; Party title, license number, name and surname of the party secretary general

Source

The Transparency, Supervision, and Financing of Parliament (Majles) Election Activities Law, Art. 65(9).

53. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates include information on itemized income?
Code
No
54. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates include information on itemized spending?
Code
No
55. Which institution(s) receives financial reports from political parties and/or candidates?
Code
  • Special agency for political finance
  • Other
Comment

The duties and powers of the Commission of Parties in accordance with the provisions of this law are as follows: …7-Reviewing the financial reports and annual performance of the parties.

Source

Law on the Activities of Political Parties and Groups, Art. 11 (7) 

56. Which institution(s) is responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations?
Code
  • Other
  • Special agency for political finance
Comment

The duties and powers of the Commission of Parties in accordance with the provisions of this law are as follows:...5- Examining and deciding on the violations subject to Article 18 of this law

Source

Law on the Activities of Political Parties and Groups, Art. 11 (5) 

57. What power is granted to the institution(s) responsible for examining reports and/or investigating violations?
Code
Carry out investigation Impose sanctions Other
Comment

Reviewing the financial reports and annual performance of the parties; deciding on the amount of assistance to the parties within the framework of current laws and regulations; examining the documented reports of natural and legal persons from parties within the framework of this law and seizure of the activity license of the parties and their introduction to the competent court for dissolution according to Article (19) of this law.

Source

Law on the Activities of Political Parties and Groups, Art. 11.

58. What sanctions are provided for political finance infractions?
Code
  • Fines
  • Prison
  • Deregistration of party
  • Loss of political rights
  • Loss of elected office
  • Other
Comment

In a broader scope, including the violations of Articles 57 through 66 of Electoral Law of Parliamentary Elections, a range of sanctions shall be applicable varying from fine cash fines, 30 day jail or fines determined by the Islamic Penal Code (Articles 75 through 88 of the Law). According to Law on Activities of Political Parties and Groups, if a political party violates Art. 18 dealing with commercial activity shall be subject to a series of sanctions varying from verbal warning to Seizure of activity license and request for dissolution from the court (Art. 19)         

Source

Electoral Law for Parliamentary Elections, Articles 57 thorugh 66 and 75 through 88; Law on the Activities of Political Parties and Groups, Art. 17, Note.

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