Peru
Question | Value |
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1. Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Legal persons with lucrative purposes (including foreign ones) are banned on donations. Foreign people and foreign legal persons with non lucrative purposes are also banned, with the exception of contributions towards training and research. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 31, c and e "Artículo 31º.- Fuentes de financiamiento prohibidas "Article 31.- Banned sources of funding Political organizations cannot receive contributions of any type with origin of: (...) c ) Legal persons with lucrative purposes, national or foreign. e) Natural or legal persons with non lucrative purposes, except when contributions are destined toward training and research.
This ban is applicable since 2017: Law 30689 modified Political Organizations Law. Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios (aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE): article 65. |
2. Is there a ban on donations from foreign interests to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
The ban for political parties applies, especially due to the regulation by the EMB (Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios, aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE). Source
Political Organizations Law: article 31, c and e "Artículo 31º.- Fuentes de financiamiento prohibidas "Article 31.- Banned sources of funding Political organizations cannot receive contributions of any type with origin of: (...) c ) Legal persons with lucrative purposes, national or foreign. e) Natural or legal persons with non lucrative purposes, except when contributions are destined toward training and research.
Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios (aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE): article 65. |
3. Is there a ban on corporate donations to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Legal persons with lucrative purposes (corporate) are banned on donations. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 31c "Artículo 31º.- Fuentes de financiamiento prohibidas Political Organizations Law: article 31c "Article 31.- Banned sources of funding Political organizations cannot receive contributions of any type with origin of: (...) c ) Legal persons with lucrative purposes, national or foreign. (...). |
4. Is there a ban on corporate donations to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
The ban for political parties applies, especially due to the regulation by the EMB (Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios, aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE). Source
Political Organizations Law: article 31, c "Artículo 31º.- Fuentes de financiamiento prohibidas
Political organizations cannot receive contributions of any type with origin of: (...) c ) Legal persons with lucrative purposes, national or foreign. (...). |
5. Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
National legal persons with non lucrative purposes are also banned. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 31, d "Artículo 31º.- Fuentes de financiamiento prohibidas "Article 31.- Banned sources of funding Political organizations cannot receive contributions of any type with origin of: (...) d ) Legal persons with non lucrative purposes (...)". |
6. Is there a ban on donations from Trade Unions to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
The ban for political parties applies, especially due to the regulation by the EMB (Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios, aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE). Source
Political Organizations Law: article 31, d "Artículo 31º.- Fuentes de financiamiento prohibidas Las organizaciones políticas no pueden recibir aportes de ningún tipo provenientes de: (...) d) Personas jurídicas nacionales sin fines de lucro. (...)". "Article 31.- Banned sources of funding Political organizations cannot receive contributions of any type with origin of: (...) d ) Legal persons with non lucrative purposes (...)". |
7. Is there a ban on anonymous donations to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Anonymous donations (from anonymous sources) are banned. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 31, g "Artículo 31º.- Fuentes de financiamiento prohibidas Las organizaciones políticas no pueden recibir aportes de ningún tipo provenientes de: (...) g) Fuentes anónimas o de cuyo origen se desconozca. Las organizaciones políticas no pueden recibir aportes anónimos de ningún tipo. Salvo prueba en contrario, los aportes no declarados por las organizaciones políticas se presumen de fuente prohibida". "Article 31.- Banned sources of funding Political organizations cannot receive contributions of any type with origin of: (...) g) Anonymous sources or with unknown origin. Political organizations cannot receive anymous contributions of any kind. Unless proven otherwise, non disclosed contributions are presumed to be of a banned origin". |
8. Is there a ban on anonymous donations to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
The ban for political parties applies, especially due to the regulation by the EMB (Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios, aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE). Source
Political Organizations Law: article 31, g "Artículo 31º.- Fuentes de financiamiento prohibidas Las organizaciones políticas no pueden recibir aportes de ningún tipo provenientes de: (...) g) Fuentes anónimas o de cuyo origen se desconozca. Las organizaciones políticas no pueden recibir aportes anónimos de ningún tipo. Salvo prueba en contrario, los aportes no declarados por las organizaciones políticas se presumen de fuente prohibida". "Article 31.- Banned sources of funding Political organizations cannot receive contributions of any type with origin of: (...) g) Anonymous sources or with unknown origin. Political organizations cannot receive anymous contributions of any kind. Unless proven otherwise, non disclosed contributions are presumed to be of a banned origin". |
9. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Donations from organisations with a lucrative purpose are banned. |
10. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with government contracts to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Donations from organisations with a lucrative purpose are banned. |
11. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with partial government ownership to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Any corporation with public ownership or with public participation is banned from contributions to political parties. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 31, a "Artículo 31º.- Fuentes de financiamiento prohibidas Las organizaciones políticas no pueden recibir aportes de ningún tipo provenientes de: a) Cualquier entidad de derecho público o empresa de propiedad del Estado o con participación de este". "Article 31.- Banned sources of funding Political organizations cannot receive contributions of any type with origin of: (...) a) Any public entity or corporation with public ownership or with public participation" |
12. Is there a ban on donations from corporations with partial government ownership to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
The ban for political parties applies, especially due to the regulation by the EMB (Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios, aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE). Source
Political Organizations Law: article 31, a "Artículo 31º.- Fuentes de financiamiento prohibidas Las organizaciones políticas no pueden recibir aportes de ningún tipo provenientes de: a) Cualquier entidad de derecho público o empresa de propiedad del Estado o con participación de este". "Article 31.- Banned sources of funding Political organizations cannot receive contributions of any type with origin of: (...) a) Any public entity or corporation with public ownership or with public participation" |
13. Is there a ban on the use of state resources in favour or against a political party or candidate? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Any public entity is banned from contributions to political parties. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 31, a "Artículo 31º.- Fuentes de financiamiento prohibidas "Article 31.- Banned sources of funding Political organizations cannot receive contributions of any type with origin of: a) Any public entity or corporation with public ownership or with public participation". |
14. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during a non-election specific period? |
Code
Yes, for both natural and legal persons
Comment
Contributions (cash or in-kind) cannot exceed 120 tributary units each year (both for natural and legal persons). Source
Political Organizations Law: article 30 "Artículo 30. Financiamiento privado "Article 30. Private funding Political organizations can received contributions or incomes derived from private funding, through: a) Contributions in cash or in-kind from each donor as a natural person or foreign non lucrative person, including use of property, free of charge (gratuitous title), that does not exceed one hundred twenty (120) tributary units each year, that shall register in the correspondent contribution receipt. |
15. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during a non-election specific period, what is the limit? |
Code
Contributions cannot exceed 120 tributary units each year (both for natural and legal persons).
Comment
Unidad Impositiva Tributaria (UIT) is a tributary unit established each year. During 2021, it equals 4,400 soles (which, in current exchange rate, is around 1,000 dollars). 120 tributary units equals 528,000 soles. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 30 "Artículo 30. Financiamiento privado "Article 30. Private funding Political organizations can received contributions or incomes derived from private funding, through: a) Contributions in cash or in-kind from each donor as a natural person or foreign non lucrative person, including use of property, free of charge (gratuitous title), that does not exceed one hundred twenty (120) tributary units each year, that shall register in the correspondent contribution receipt. |
16. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during an election? |
Code
No, but limits for regular periods apply to campaign periods
Comment
There is not a specific limit for donors during campaign periods, but the limits for regular periods apply (Contributions cannot exceed 120 tributary units each year (both for natural and legal persons). Source
Political Organizations Law: article 30 "Artículo 30. Financiamiento privado "Article 30. Private funding Political organizations can received contributions or incomes derived from private funding, through: a) Contributions in cash or in-kind from each donor as a natural person or foreign non lucrative person, including use of property, free of charge (gratuitous title), that does not exceed one hundred twenty (120) tributary units each year, that shall register in the correspondent contribution receipt. |
17. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a political party during an election, what is the limit? |
Code
There is not a specific limit for donors during campaign periods, but the limits for regular periods apply (Contributions cannot exceed 120 tributary units each year (both for natural and legal persons).
Source
"Artículo 30. Financiamiento privado "Article 30. Private funding Political organizations can received contributions or incomes derived from private funding, through: a) Contributions in cash or in-kind from each donor as a natural person or foreign non lucrative person, including use of property, free of charge (gratuitous title), that does not exceed one hundred twenty (120) tributary units each year, that shall register in the correspondent contribution receipt. |
18. Is there a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate? |
Code
Yes, for both natural and legal persons
Comment
For presidential candidates, limit can be interpreted from the limit regarding political parties (120 tributrary units). For other candidates (for Congress, regional and local positions and Andean Parliament), each contribution during electoral campaigns, from any allowed source, shall not exceed fifty (50) tributary units for each donor. Source
Political Organizations Law: articles 30 and 30-A "Artículo 30. Financiamiento privado "Article 30. Private funding Political organizations can received contributions or incomes derived from private funding, through: a) Contributions in cash or in-kind from each donor as a natural person or foreign non lucrative person, including real state, free of charge (gratuitous title), that does not exceed one hundred twenty (120) tributary units each year, that shall register in the correspondent contribution receipt. "Artículo 30-A. Aportes para candidaturas distintas a la presidencial "Article 30-A. Contributions to candidates different to presidential Each contribution in cash or in-kind that the candidate receives during electoral campaign, in elections for Congress, regional, local and for Andean Parliament, from any allowed source, shall not exceed fifty (50) tributary units for each donor". |
19. If there is a limit on the amount a donor can contribute to a candidate, what is the limit? |
Code
For presidential candidates, limit can be interpreted from the limit regarding political parties (120 tributrary units). For other candidates (for Congress, regional and local authorities and Andean Parliament) each contribution during electoral campaigns, from any allowed source, shall not exceed fifty (50) tributary units for donor.
Comment
Unidad Impositiva Tributaria (UIT) is a tributary unit established each year. During 2021, it equals 4,400 soles (which, in current exchange rate, is around 1,000 dollars). 120 tributary units equals 528,000 soles. Source
Source: Political Organizations Law: articles 30 and 30-A "Artículo 30. Financiamiento privado "Article 30. Private funding Political organizations can received contributions or incomes derived from private funding, through: a) Contributions in cash or in-kind from each donor as a natural person or foreign non lucrative person, including real state, free of charge (gratuitous title), that does not exceed one hundred twenty (120) tributary units each year, that shall register in the correspondent contribution receipt. "Artículo 30-A. Aportes para candidaturas distintas a la presidencial "Article 30-A. Contributions to candidates different to presidential Each contribution in cash or in-kind that the candidate receives during electoral campaign, in elections for Congress, regional, local and for Andean Parliament, from any allowed source, shall not exceed fifty (50) tributary units for each donor". |
20. Is there a limit on the amount a candidate can contribute to their own election campaign? |
Code
Yes, donation limit for private persons apply
Comment
There is not specific limit for a candidate to contribute to their own campaign, but limits for any donor apply. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 30 "Artículo 30. Financiamiento privado "Article 30. Private funding Political organizations can received contributions or incomes derived from private funding, through: a) Contributions in cash or in-kind from each donor as a natural person or foreign non lucrative person, including real state, free of charge (gratuitous title), that does not exceed one hundred twenty (120) tributary units each year, that shall register in the correspondent contribution receipt. |
21. Is there a limit on in-kind donations to political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Contributions cannot exceed 120 tributary units each year (both for natural and legal persons), which includes in-kind donations. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 30 "Artículo 30. Financiamiento privado "Article 30. Private funding Political organizations can received contributions or incomes derived from private funding, through: a) Contributions in cash or in-kind from each donor as a natural person or foreign non lucrative person, including real state, free of charge (gratuitous title), that does not exceed one hundred twenty (120) tributary units each year, that shall register in the correspondent contribution receipt. |
22. Is there a limit on in-kind donations to candidates? |
Code
Yes
Comment
For presidential candidates, limit on in-kind donations can be interpreted from the limit regarding political parties (120 tributrary units). For other candidates (for Congress, regional and local authorities and Andean Parliament), each contribution (that includes in-kind donation) during electoral campaigns, from any allowed source, shall not exceed fifty (50) tributary units per donor. Source
Political Organizations Law: articles 30 and 30-A Artículo 30. Financiamiento privado "Article 30. Private funding Political organizations can received contributions or incomes derived from private funding, through: a) Contributions in cash or in-kind from each donor as a natural person or foreign non lucrative person, including real state, free of charge (gratuitous title), that does not exceed one hundred twenty (120) tributary units each year, that shall register in the correspondent contribution receipt. "Artículo 30-A. Aportes para candidaturas distintas a la presidencial "Article 30-A. Contributions to candidates different to presidential Each contribution in cash or in-kind that the candidate receives during electoral campaign, in elections for Congress, regional, local and for Andean Parliament, from any allowed source, shall not exceed fifty (50) tributary units for donor". |
23. Is there a ban on political parties engaging in commercial activities? |
Code
No
Comment
Political parties can engage in commercial activities and any income can be a legal source of private financing. Source
Political Organizations Law "Artículo 30.- Financiamiento privado
|
24. Is there a ban on political parties taking loans in relation to election campaigns? |
Code
No
Comment
Political parties can take loans as a source of private financing. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 30 "Article 30.- Private financing Political organizations can receive contributions or incomes from private financing, through: (...) d) Financial loans that are arranged". "Artículo 30.- Financiamiento privado |
25. Is there a ban on candidates taking loans in relation to election campaigns? |
Code
No
Comment
The same source allowed for political parties can be allowed for candidates as private funding. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 30 "Article 30.- Private financing Political organizations can receive contributions or incomes from private financing, through: (...) d) Financial loans that are arranged". "Artículo 30.- Financiamiento privado |
26. Is there a ban on donors to political parties/candidates participating in public tender/procurement processes? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Since 2017 (by Law 30689), legal persons are banned from contributions to political parties. However, a prior law in public procurement established specific bans on donors participating in public procurement processes. National or foreign legal persons that had contributed to political organizations in an electoral process are banned to be participants, bidders, contractors or sub-contractors, during the term of office and within the territorial constituency in which the political organization that was benefitted with the contribution won the electoral process. Source
Ley de Contrataciones (TUO de la Ley Nº 30225, aprobado por Decreto Supremo Nº 082-2019-EF, publicado el 13 marzo 2019). "Artículo 11. Impedimento
"Article 11. impairment 11.1 With any legal regime of public procurement, there is an impairment to be participants, bidders, contractors or sub-contractors, even in the public procurement in article 5 literal a) of this Law [equal or below 8 UIT], for the following people: (...) r) National or foreign legal persons that had contributed to political organizations during an electoral process, while the whole period of the representative government and within the circunscription in which the political organization that was benefitted with the contribution won the correspondent electoral process (...)". --- A TUO is a "Texto Único Ordenado", which is a Supreme Decree, issued by the Executive Branch, that compiles all the modifications made to a law in a new adapted version (sometimes even changing the article numbering). Article 5-a of the Law refers to public procurement equal or below 8 UIT. A UIT which is a tributary unit equals 4,400 soles in 2021. Therefore, even if a public procurement is equal or below 35,200 soles, donors are forbiden to participate. This impairment was incorporated by article 3 from Law N° 30689, published on November 30th, 2017.
|
27. Are there provisions requiring donations to go through the banking system? |
Code
Sometimes
Comment
Any private contribution in cash above certain amount (25% of the UIT) goes through the banking system. Source
Political Organizations Law, article 30 "Artículo 30.- Financiamiento privado (...) Todo aporte privado en dinero, que supere el veinticinco por ciento (25%) de una unidad impositiva tributaria (UIT), se realiza a través de entidades del sistema financiero. (...) La entidad bancaria debe identificar adecuadamente a todo aquel que efectúe aportes o retiros de la cuenta. (...)". "Article 30.- Private funding (...) Each private contribution in cash, that exceeds twenty five percent (25%) of a tributary unit, goes through the banking system. (...) The banking institution has to adequately identify everyone that makes deposits or withdrawals from the acount. (...)". |
Question | Value |
---|---|
28. Are there provisions for direct public funding to political parties? |
Code
Yes, regularly
Comment
Direct public funding is only obtained by political parties with representation in Congress. |
29. What are the eligibility criteria for political parties to receive public funding? |
Code
Representation in elected body
Comment
The eligibility criteria for political parties to receive public funding is to be a part of Congress. Source
Political Organizations Law, article 29 “Artículo 29.- Financiamiento público directo "Article 29.- Direct public funding Only political parties that obtain representation in Congress receive from the State direct public funding. With that objective, the State will destin the equivalent of 0.1% of the tributary unit for each vote cast. (...)". --- Political parties are included in Congress if they get 5% of national valid votes and 7 seats in more than one electoral district (Elections Organic Law: article 20 and Resolution Nº 015-2011-JNE, issued by the electoral court). Ley Orgánica de Elecciones: artículo 20 "Artículo 20.- (...) Para acceder al procedimiento de distribución de escaños del Congreso de la República se requiere haber alcanzado al menos seis (6) representantes al Congreso en más de una circunscripción electoral, es decir cinco por ciento (5%) del número legal de sus miembros o haber alcanzado al menos el cinco por ciento (5%) de los votos válidos a nivel nacional". "Article 20.- (...) To access to the procedure of seat distribution in Congress, it is required to have attained at least six (6) representatives in Congress in more than one electoral district, in other words, five percent (5%) of the legal number of members or to have attained at least five percent (5%) of the national valid votes". Resolución N.° 015-2011-JNE "Artículo único.- PRECISAR que para acceder al procedimiento de distribución de escaños al Congreso de la República se requiere haber alcanzado al menos siete (7) representantes en más de una circunscripción electoral, o haber obtenido al menos el 5% de los votos válidos a nivel nacional". Resolution Nº 015-2011-JNE "Sole article.- To specify that to access to the procedure of seat distribution in Congress, it is required to have attained at least seven (7) representatives in Congress in more than one electoral district, or to have attained at least five percent (5%) of the national valid votes". |
30. What is the allocation calculation for political parties to receive public funding? |
Code
Equal
Proportional to votes received
Comment
The calculation for political parties to receive public parties is partially equal (40%) and partially proportional to votes received in the election for Congress (60%). Source
Political Organizations Law, article 29 “ Artículo 29.- Financiamiento público directo (...)La transferencia de los fondos a cada partido político se realiza a razón de un quinto por año, distribuyéndose un cuarenta por ciento en forma igualitaria entre todos los partidos políticos con representación en el Congreso y un sesenta por ciento en forma proporcional a los votos obtenidos por cada partido político en la elección de representantes al Congreso. La Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (ONPE) se encarga de la fiscalización del cumplimiento de lo previsto en el presente artículo." "Article 29.- Direct public funding (...) Funds transfer to each political party is effective on one fifth every year, with a distribution of forty percent (40%) equally among all political parties with representation in Congress and sixty percent (60%) proportional to votes received in the election for Congress". |
31. What are the provisions on 'ear marking' direct public funding to political parties (how it should be used)? |
Code
Comment
Direct public funding should be used for on-going party activities, for intra-party institution and also for research and training, the latter can be oriented to electoral processes. Source
Political Organizations Law, article 29 “Artículo 29.- Financiamiento público directo "Article 29.- Direct public funding (...) Those funds are granted charged to the General National Budget and they are received by the political parties to be used, during the subsequent five-year period to the referred election, according to the following rules: a) Up to 50% of direct public funding received to be used in ordinary functioning, as well as acquisition of property, furniture and other assets needed to undertake inherent activities to the object of the political organization, as well as staff recruitment and contracting of diverse services. b) Not less than 50% of the direct public funding received to be used in training and research activities and their difusion, under criteria of equality, parity and non discrimination between men and women. These activities can be oriented to electoral processes called and involve surveys, computer systems development or digital tools and massive process of data. (...)" |
32. Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for political parties? |
Code
Yes
Comment
There is free access to media for political parties with representation in Congress since 60 to 2 days before general election. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 37 "Artículo 37.- Financiamiento público indirecto "Article 37.- Indirect public financing Since sixty (60) to two (2) days to general elections, political parties and alliances with registered candidates, have free access, acoording to this law, to media, of private property and open signal, national cable channels, radio stations, public or private, and hire daily advertising in social network. (...) In the use of electoral space, political parties and alliances and Electoral Processes National Office (ONPE) must assure that it is conducted under criteria of equality, parity and non discrimination between men and women". |
33. What criteria determine allocation for free or subsidized access to media for political parties? |
Code
Comment
The criteria to determine allocation for free access for political parties is partially equal (50%) and partially proportional to representation in Congress (50%). Source
Political Organizations Law: article 38 "Artículo 38.- Duración y frecuencia del financiamiento público indirecto "Article 38.- Duration and frequency of indirect public financing During general elections, each radio and TV station broadcast the electoral space between six (06:00) and twenty three (23:00) hours. Half of the time available is duly valued and distributed equally among all political parties and alliances with registered candidates in the electoral process. The other half duly valued is distributed proportionally to representation of each political party in Congress. Political parties that participate for the first time in an election have time available equivalent to the assigned to the political party with the lowest adjudication". |
34. Are there provisions for free or subsidized access to media for candidates? |
Code
No
Comment
Law recognizes free or subsidized access to media for political parties, not specifically for candidates. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 37 "Artículo 37.- Financiamiento público indirecto "Article 37.- Indirect public financing Since sixty (60) to two (2) days to general elections, political parties and alliances with registered candidates, have free access, acoording to this law, to media, of private property and open signal, national cable channels, radio stations, public or private, and hire daily advertising in social network. (...)". |
35. Are there provisions for any other form of indirect public funding? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Political organizations are exempted of direct taxes. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 33 "Artículo 33.- Régimen tributario "Article 33 The tributary regulation applicable to political organizations is the one that law establishes for associations. However, they are exempted of direct taxes". |
36. Is the provision of direct public funding to political parties tied to gender equality among candidates? |
Code
No
|
37. Are there provisions for other financial advantages to encourage gender equality in political parties? |
Code
No
|
Question | Value |
---|---|
38. Is there a ban on vote buying? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Vote buying is banned for candidates with some exceptions: (a) free proselytizing event with delivery of assets for individual and immediate consumption, (b) advertising articles, as electoral propaganda. The value in both cases shall not exceed 0,3% of a tributary unit for each asset delivered. Sanctions are fines and, if there is a new infraction after the fine is consented, the candidate can be excluded. Source
Political Organizatons Law: article 42 "Artículo 42.- Conducta prohibida en la propaganda política "Article 42.- Forbidden conduct in electoral propaganda Candidates in an electoral process are forbidden to deliver or promise cash, gifts, handouts, food, medicine, water, construction materials, household goods or other assets, in a direct way or through third parties as a mandate from a candidate and with ressources from the candidate. The limit does not apply: (a) In a free proselytizing event with delivery of assets for individual and immediate consumption. (b) It refers to advertising articles, as electoral propaganda. The value in both cases shall not exceed 0,3% of a tributary unit for each asset delivered. The correspondent Electoral Special Jury (JEE) imposes a fine of thirty (30) tributary units to an infringing candidate, which is coactively collected by National Jury of Elections (JNE). In case the candidate commits the infraction again after the sanction is consented, the correspondent JEE stipulates the exclusion. In case the asset delivered exceeds two (2) tributary units, JEE stipulates the exclusion to the infringing candidate. JNE guarentees due process of law, in the correspondent procedure. |
39. Are there limits on the amount a political party can spend? |
Code
No
Comment
Legislation does not establish a limit amount a political party can spend in an electoral campaign or in ordinary periods. |
40. If there are limits on the amount a political party can spend, what is the limit? |
Code
Not applicable
|
41. Are there limits on the amount a candidate can spend? |
Code
No
Comment
Legislation does not establish a limit amount a candidate can spend in an electoral campaign or in ordinary periods. |
42. If there are limits on the amount a candidate can spend, what is the limit? |
Code
Not applicable
|
43. Are there limits on the amount that third parties can spend on election campaign activities? |
Code
No
|
44. Are there limits on traditional media advertising spending in relation to election campaigns? |
Code
Yes, for political parties
Comment
Direct contracting of media advertising is forbidden. Source
Constitution: article 35 " Artículo 35.- (...) Solo se autoriza la difusión de propaganda electoral en medios de comunicación radiales y televisivos mediante financiamiento público indirecto” . "Article 35.- (...) It is only authorized the broadcast of electoral propaganda in radio and televison media through indirect public financing". Political Organizations Law: article 37 "Artículo 37.- Financiamiento público indirecto "Article 37.- Indirect public financing (...) Radio and television media are forbidden to hire electoral propaganda for political organizations and its candidates, throught cashiers, campaign officer, authorities, candidates or through third parties". |
45. Are there limits on online media advertising spending in relation to election campaigns? |
Code
No
|
46. Do any other restrictions on online media advertisement (beyond limits) exist? |
Code
Yes
Comment
There is a limit for hiring online media but only if it is apart of the electoral space hired by the State as indirect public funding. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 38 "Artículo 38.- Duración y frecuencia del financiamiento público indirecto "Article 38.- Duration and frequency of indirect public financing (...) In social network, daily advertising is allowed in threeof them. The space hired for social network advertising is distributed equally among all political parties and alliances with registered candidates". |
Question | Value |
---|---|
47. Do political parties have to report regularly on their finances? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Political parties have to report regularly on their finances, within 6 months after year end. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 34, 34.3 "Artículo 34.- Verificación y control (...) 34.3. Las organizaciones políticas presentan ante la Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (ONPE), en el plazo de seis (6) meses contados a partir del cierre del ejercicio anual, un informe de la actividad económico-financiera de los aportes, ingresos y gastos, en el que se identifique a los aportantes y el monto de sus aportes, de acuerdo a lo previsto en la presente ley y el reglamento respectivo que emita la Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (ONPE)". "Article 34.- Verification and control (...) 34.3 Political organizations present to Electoral Processes National Office (ONPE), within a term of six (6) months calculated from the year end, a report of financial-economic activity of contributions, incomes and expenses, in which the donors and amount of contributions are identified, according to the Law and the regulation issued by ONPE" |
48. Do political parties have to report on their election campaign finances? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Political parties have to report on their election campaign finances twice during the campaign, at least once during the electoral campaign as a concurrent control. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 34, 34.5 " Artículo 34.- Verificación y control (…) 34.5. Las organizaciones políticas y los candidatos o sus responsables de campaña, según corresponda, presentan en dos (2) entregas obligatorias, la información financiera de los aportes, ingresos recibidos y gastos efectuados durante la campaña electoral. La Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (ONPE) establece los plazos de presentación y publicación obligatoria, desde la convocatoria a elecciones, con al menos una (1) entrega durante la campaña electoral como control concurrente". "Article 34.- Verification and control (...) 34.5 Political organizations and candidates or their campaign agents, as appropiate, submit in two (2) mandatory deliveries, the financial information of contributions, incomes and expenses during the electoral campaign. Electoral Processes National Office (ONPE) establishes the terms for mandatory presentation and publishing, since the call for elections, with at least one (1) delivery during the electoral campaign as a concurrent control". Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios (aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE): Artículo 102.- Información de aportaciones/ ingresos y gastos de campaña electoral Article 102.- Information about contributions/incomes and expenses of the electoral campaign |
49. Do candidates have to report on their election campaign finances? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Candidates have to report on their election campaign finances twice during the campaign, at least once during the electoral campaign as a concurrent control. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 30-A Article 30-A.- Contributions to candidates different from presidential candidate (...) Incomes and expenses carried out by the candidate must be informed to the Partisan Fund Supervision Management of National Electoral Processes Office (ONPE) through the means that it stipulates and within the terms in the paragraph 34.5 of article 34 of this law. (...)." Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios (aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021 JN/ONPE): Artículo 102.- Información de aportaciones/ ingresos y gastos de campaña electoral Article 102.- Information about contributions/incomes and expenses of the electoral campaign
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50. Do third parties have to report on election campaign finances? |
Code
No
|
51. Is information in reports from political parties and/or candidates to be made public? |
Code
Yes
Source
Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios (aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE): Artículo 104.- Publicación de los informes de la Gerencia
Article 104.- Publication of Management reports Once the verification and control procedure is over, the final reports that ONPE issues are public. ONPE makes available those technical reports in the Financing Digital Website. Article 105.- Financing Digital Website ONPE must put into disposition of political organizations, electoral alliances and candidates a Financial Digital Website, to register, use and delivery of financial information. In order to guarantee transparency of the economic-financial information, from candidates and political organizations and electoral alliances, it is available at Financial Digital Websiste. ONPE also receives consultations or complains duly supported from citizenship and other interested entities, regarding the information published in the Financial Digital Website. |
52. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates reveal the identity of donors? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Both in regular campaign report and campaign reports, the identity of donors is revealed and made public. Source
Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios (aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE): Artículo 99.- Contenido de la información financiera anual Article 99.- Content of the yearly financial information Political organizations and electoral alliances within six (6) months, once finished year end, present to ONPE the yearly financal report referred in numeral 34.3 of article 34 from LOP, obtained from the accounting record, financial statements and the register of incomes and expenses acoording to the rules approved by the Normative Accounting Council and the regulation, that must include: 1. Balance Sheet with detailed composition of each account. 2. Incomes and expenses statement, separating the private and public sources of financing. 3. Notes to the financial statements. 4. Donors and the amount of contributions. 5. Supplementary information to financial statements. Every financial statement must be comparative to the ones of the prior period. In case the registration of a political organization or an electoral alliance is cancelled, the economic-financial information to present shall correspond to the period of the months during the existing registration. The information is delivered to ONPE, according to the forms not later than the period in numeral 34.3 of article 34 of LOP.
Artículo 102.- Información de aportaciones/ ingresos y gastos de campaña electoral En aplicación de lo dispuesto en el numeral 34.5 del artículo 34 de la LOP, las organizaciones políticas, alianzas electorales y los candidatos, o sus responsables de campaña, presentan la información financiera de los aportes, ingresos recibidos y gastos efectuados durante la campaña electoral, en dos entregas obligatorias. A su vez, deberán presentar el formato para la creación de la casilla electrónica que como Anexo 1 forma parte del presente Reglamento. (…) La organización política debe presentar la información sustentada y suscrita por su tesorero/a ante la ONPE y por el/la contador/a público/a colegiado/a y habilitado/a. Para el caso de las candidaturas distintas a la presidencial, la entrega de la información es de exclusiva responsabilidad de las personas candidatas o sus responsables de campaña. Los documentos que sustentan los gastos realizados por propaganda electoral deben especificar la cantidad y el tipo de avisos contratados y el medio de comunicación utilizado; de ser el caso, el nombre de la o las agencias de publicidad contratadas y las tarifas cobradas. (…) Article 100.- Detail of incomes and expenses The incomes and expenses statement charged to the public financing funds established in numeral 2 of article 99 of the regulation must reflect in an annex that identifies the unspent balance of those funds. Article 102.- Information about contributions/incomes and expenses of the electoral campaign |
53. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates include information on itemized income? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Reports (regular and campaigns) must include information on itemized income. Source
Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios (aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE): Artículo 99.- Contenido de la información financiera anual Article 99.- Content of the yearly financial information Political organizations and electoral alliances within six (6) months, once finished year end, present to ONPE the yearly financal report referred in numeral 34.3 of article 34 from LOP, obtained from the accounting record, financial statements and the register of incomes and expenses acoording to the rules approved by the Normative Accounting Council and the regulation, that must include: 1. Balance Sheet with detailed composition of each account. 2. Incomes and expenses statement, separating the private and public sources of financing. 3. Notes to the financial statements. 4. Donors and the amount of contributions. 5. Supplementary information to financial statements. Every financial statement must be comparative to the ones of the prior period. In case the registration of a political organization or an electoral alliance is cancelled, the economic-financial information to present shall correspond to the period of the months during the existing registration. The information is delivered to ONPE, according to the forms not later than the period in numeral 34.3 of article 34 of LOP.
Artículo 102.- Información de aportaciones/ ingresos y gastos de campaña electoral En aplicación de lo dispuesto en el numeral 34.5 del artículo 34 de la LOP, las organizaciones políticas, alianzas electorales y los candidatos, o sus responsables de campaña, presentan la información financiera de los aportes, ingresos recibidos y gastos efectuados durante la campaña electoral, en dos entregas obligatorias. A su vez, deberán presentar el formato para la creación de la casilla electrónica que como Anexo 1 forma parte del presente Reglamento. (…) La organización política debe presentar la información sustentada y suscrita por su tesorero/a ante la ONPE y por el/la contador/a público/a colegiado/a y habilitado/a. Para el caso de las candidaturas distintas a la presidencial, la entrega de la información es de exclusiva responsabilidad de las personas candidatas o sus responsables de campaña. Los documentos que sustentan los gastos realizados por propaganda electoral deben especificar la cantidad y el tipo de avisos contratados y el medio de comunicación utilizado; de ser el caso, el nombre de la o las agencias de publicidad contratadas y las tarifas cobradas. (…) Article 100.- Detail of incomes and expenses The incomes and expenses statement charged to the public financing funds established in numeral 2 of article 99 of the regulation must reflect in an annex that identifies the unspent balance of those funds. Article 102.- Information about contributions/incomes and expenses of the electoral campaign |
54. Must reports from political parties and/or candidates include information on itemized spending? |
Code
Yes
Comment
Reports (regular and campaigns) must include information on itemized spending. Source
Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios (aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE): Artículo 99.- Contenido de la información financiera anual Article 99.- Content of the yearly financial information Political organizations and electoral alliances within six (6) months, once finished year end, present to ONPE the yearly financal report referred in numeral 34.3 of article 34 from LOP, obtained from the accounting record, financial statements and the register of incomes and expenses acoording to the rules approved by the Normative Accounting Council and the regulation, that must include: 1. Balance Sheet with detailed composition of each account. 2. Incomes and expenses statement, separating the private and public sources of financing. 3. Notes to the financial statements. 4. Donors and the amount of contributions. 5. Supplementary information to financial statements. Every financial statement must be comparative to the ones of the prior period. In case the registration of a political organization or an electoral alliance is cancelled, the economic-financial information to present shall correspond to the period of the months during the existing registration. The information is delivered to ONPE, according to the forms not later than the period in numeral 34.3 of article 34 of LOP.
Artículo 102.- Información de aportaciones/ ingresos y gastos de campaña electoral En aplicación de lo dispuesto en el numeral 34.5 del artículo 34 de la LOP, las organizaciones políticas, alianzas electorales y los candidatos, o sus responsables de campaña, presentan la información financiera de los aportes, ingresos recibidos y gastos efectuados durante la campaña electoral, en dos entregas obligatorias. A su vez, deberán presentar el formato para la creación de la casilla electrónica que como Anexo 1 forma parte del presente Reglamento. (…) La organización política debe presentar la información sustentada y suscrita por su tesorero/a ante la ONPE y por el/la contador/a público/a colegiado/a y habilitado/a. Para el caso de las candidaturas distintas a la presidencial, la entrega de la información es de exclusiva responsabilidad de las personas candidatas o sus responsables de campaña. Los documentos que sustentan los gastos realizados por propaganda electoral deben especificar la cantidad y el tipo de avisos contratados y el medio de comunicación utilizado; de ser el caso, el nombre de la o las agencias de publicidad contratadas y las tarifas cobradas. (…) Article 100.- Detail of incomes and expenses The incomes and expenses statement charged to the public financing funds established in numeral 2 of article 99 of the regulation must reflect in an annex that identifies the unspent balance of those funds. Article 102.- Information about contributions/incomes and expenses of the electoral campaign |
55. Which institution(s) receives financial reports from political parties and/or candidates? |
Code
EMB
Comment
Electoral Processes National Office (ONPE) as the EMB receives financial reports from political parties and candidates. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 34.2 "Artículo 34.- Verificación y control "Article 34.- Verification and control (...) 34.2 Verification and external control of the financial economic activity of political organizations correspond to Electoral Processes National Office (ONPE) and comprise all elecoral processes in which it intervenes, as well as primary elecions". |
56. Which institution(s) is responsible for examining financial reports and/or investigating violations? |
Code
EMB
Comment
Electoral Processes National Office (ONPE) as the EMB is responsible for examining financial reports and investigating violations. Source
Political Organizations Law: article 34.6 "Artículo 34.- Verificación y control (...) 34.6. La Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (ONPE) requiere información a entidades públicas y privadas, para la supervisión del financiamiento de las organizaciones políticas, la que debe entregarse bajo responsabilidad, salvo las excepciones establecidas en la Ley de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Pública y en la Ley de Protección de Datos Personales". Article 34.- Verification and control (...) Electoral Processes National Office (ONPE) requires information to public and private entities to supervise the political organizations financing, that must be delivered upon responsability, with the exceptions established in te Public Information Access and Transparency Law and the Personal Data Protection Law. Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios (aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE): Article 96.- Formality of delivery of financial information |
57. What power is granted to the institution(s) responsible for examining reports and/or investigating violations? |
Code
Refer for investigation
Carry out investigation
Request additional information from potential violator
Request additional information from others
Comment
Electoral Processes National Office (ONPE) as the EMB can carry out investigatin (article 34 of Political Organizations Law), impose sanctions (article 36-A of Political Organizations Law) and request additional information both from potential violator (Regulation by EMB, article 96) and others (article 34, 34.6, Political Organizations Law). Source
Political Organizations Law: article 34.6 "Artículo 34.- Verificación y control (...) 34.6. La Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (ONPE) requiere información a entidades públicas y privadas, para la supervisión del financiamiento de las organizaciones políticas, la que debe entregarse bajo responsabilidad, salvo las excepciones establecidas en la Ley de Transparencia y Acceso a la Información Pública y en la Ley de Protección de Datos Personales". Article 34.- Verification and control (...) Electoral Processes National Office (ONPE) requires information to public and private entities to supervise the political organizations financing, that must be delivered upon responsability, with the exceptions established in te Public Information Access and Transparency Law and the Personal Data Protection Law. Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios (aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE): Article 96.- Formality of delivery of financial information |
58. What sanctions are provided for political finance infractions? |
Code
Comment
The majority of sanctions are economical (fines) towards political organizations, according to severity of the infractions. There are also fines for candidates for lack of reporting or receiving contributions from a forbidden source. Besides that, there are additional effects regarding the register (and the prohibition to make changes in the register), as well as, if the infringement continues, loss of public funding for the subsequent general elections (direct and indirect) and if the political organization does not comply within 12 months, the suspension of the political organizations until the observations are overcome. Recently, there has been a modification in the Criminal Code, to establish a new specific crime regarding political financing. The infractions and sanctions have been modified in 2020 by Law Nº 31046 (incorporated to the Political Organizations Law). Also, in 2019, there was a modification in the Criminal Code, that incorporated the specific felony regarding political financing (by Law Nº 30997). Reglamento de Financiamiento y Supervisión de Fondos Partidarios (aprobado por Resolución Jefatural N° 001669-2021-JN/ONPE): artícle 15 (loss of public financing), article 121 (political organizations infractions), artícle 123 (candidates infractions). Source
Political Organizations Law: articles 36-A, 36-B, 36-C and 36-D Article 36-A.- Sanctions Artículo 36-B. Sanciones a candidatos Article 36-B Sanctions to candidates Artículo 36-C.- Efecto de las sanciones Article 36-C Sanction effect Artículo 36-D.- Sanciones a personas jurídicas diferentes a las organizaciones políticas Article 36-D.- Sanctions to legal persons different to political organizations Criminal Code: articles 359-A, 359-B and 359-C Article 359-A.- Forbidden political organizations financing Artículo 359-B.- Falseamiento de la información sobre aportaciones, ingresos y gastos de organizaciones políticas Article 359-B.- False information on contributions, incomes and expenses of political organizations Artículo 359-C.- Fuentes de financiamiento legalmente prohibidas Article 359-C.- Legally forbidden sources of financing
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For presidential candidates, limit can be interpreted from the limit regarding political parties (120 tributrary units). For other candidates (for Congress, regional and local positions and Andean Parliament), each contribution during electoral campaigns, from any allowed source, shall not exceed fifty (50) tributary units for each donor.