One of the particularities of what is currently being negotiated between Saudi Arabia and Ansar Allah is that the parties are contemplating establishing a revenue allocation mechanism in the absence of an overarching constitutional or political framework.
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During a crisis such as a public emergency, the effectiveness of parliaments should be assessed by considering their ability to activate in a timely manner the necessary disaster management legislative framework, and to provide oversight to ensure that such legislation is applied by the executive in a necessary, non-discriminatory and proportional way.
The 2019 elections in Mozambique were preceded by two cyclones that directly and significantly affected the electoral process in the central and northern regions. In addition to the cyclones, terrorist attacks which began in 2017 had a negative impact on voter registration and voting processes.
This case study provides several findings and lessons learned.
African countries are still far from achieving women’s equal and effective participation in political decision-making.
Gender inequality in the political process remains an important problem in all countries.
Women often have less access than men to the resources needed to successfully seek a party nomination or stand in an election, and political parties tend to nominate men to winnable positions.
Electoral reform is an integral part of democratic development.
An effective electoral justice system is a key element in the unfolding of a free, fair and genuine democratic process.
Without a system to mitigate and manage inequality or perceptions of inequality, even the best management of an electoral process may lead to mistrust in the legitimacy of the elected government.
For over two decades, since the start of the so-called second wave of democratization, many voices in the Arab world have been calling for the implementation of radical reforms to the systems, institutions, frameworks and practices of all levels of governance in the region.
Internal pressures and advocacy for change have raised awareness and precipitated debates about the nature and need for reform processes in many Arab countries.
Such debates have drawn in a diverse range of groups articulating interests and defining their own political programmes. In this context, electoral processes, women's participation and political parties have emerged as central issues in political reform agendas in the Arab world.
This 2005 edition of Women in Parliament: Beyond Numbers covers women’s access to the legislature in three steps.