In the dynamically shifting landscape of West Africa, where sociopolitical transformations challenge the fabric of democracy, Guide on External Risk Factors to Electoral Processes in West Africa (2022–2023): Cases from Ghana, Liberia, Mali and Togo emerges as a beacon of insight. This Guide delves into the multifaceted external risk factors (ERFs) that loom over the electoral horizon in nations like Ghana, Liberia, Mali and Togo. Through meticulous analysis, it illuminates the potent mix of socio-economic conditions, political and social exclusions, and the spectre of election-related violence, among other critical elements, that could influence the outcomes and integrity of the imminent elections.

Targeting a diverse audience of policymakers, civil society organizations, electoral bodies, international observers and potential investors, this Guide serves as an essential tool for understanding and navigating the external challenges to electoral processes. By providing a holistic view of potential risks, set against the distinct historical, cultural and political backdrops of each country, it aims to foster an environment conducive to peaceful, free and fair elections.