38. Is there a ban on vote buying?
Panama
Código Electoral de la República de Panamá
Artículo 525:
Se sancionará con pena de prisión de uno a tres años y suspensión de los derechos políticos e inhabilitación para el ejercicio de funciones públicas por igual tiempo al de la pena principal, a los autores materiales o intelectuales que compren votos o vendan su voto a cambio de dinero, bienes o pago en especie o servicios.
Article 525:
Perpetrators who buy votes or sell their vote in exchange for money, goods, in-kind payments, or services will be penalized with imprisonment for one to three years, suspension of political rights, and disqualification from holding public office for the same duration as the principal penalty.
Unofficial English translation.
There is a ban on bribing or influencing/inducing voters to vote in a certain manner.