44. Are there limits on traditional media advertising spending in relation to election campaigns?

"(1) Any candidate (referring to the political party that recommends its candidate in a presidential election and the political party that recommends its candidates in the election of the proportional representative National Assembly members; hereafter the same shall apply in this Article) may run an advertisement of the platform or policy of the political party to which the candidate belongs, the candidate's political views, political fund-raising (limited to presidential elections), and other matters necessary for the publicity in a daily newspaper provided for in subparagraph 1 (a) or (b) of Article 2 of the Act on the Promotion of Newspapers, Etc. from the commencement date of an election period to two days before the election day, pursuant to the following. In such cases, one run of advertisements in a daily newspaper shall be deemed one instance of a newspaper advertisement in calculating the frequency of advertisements in the daily newspaper:
1. Presidential election: Up to 70 times in total;
2. Election of proportional representative National Assembly members: Up to 20 times in total;
3. Election of the Mayors/Do Governors: Up to five times in total: Provided, That in a City/Do with a population of more than three million, one time shall be added for every one million persons exceeding three million persons.
Source: Article 69, Political Election Act, 2023

(1) A candidate (referring to the political party that recommends its candidate in the presidential election and the political party that recommends its candidates in the election of the proportional representative National Assembly members; hereafter in this Article the same shall apply) may run an advertisement of the platform or policy of the political party to which he/she belongs, his/her political views, and other matters necessary for publicity using television or radio broadcasting facilities [referring to a radio station managed and operated by the broadcasting business operator under the Broadcasting Act and the composite cable broadcasting stations (including channels of the operators using broadcasting channels for specialized news programs); hereafter the same shall apply in this Article] during the election campaign period, pursuant to the following, but the advertising time shall not exceed one minute at a time. In such cases, the re-broadcasting shall be included in the calculation of the advertisement frequency, but a concurrent use of the relevant broadcasting networks with a selection of one television or radio broadcasting facility shall be deemed one time:  <Amended by Act No. 5262, Jan. 13, 1997; Act No. 5412, Nov. 14, 1997; Act No. 5537, Apr. 30, 1998; Act No. 6265, Feb. 16, 2000; Act No. 7189, Mar. 12, 2004; Act No. 7681, Aug. 4, 2005; Act No. 9974 Jan. 25, 2010>
1. Presidential election: Up to 30 times for television and radio broadcasts, respectively;
2. Election of proportional representative National Assembly members: Up to 15 times for television and radio broadcasts, respectively;
3. Election of Mayor/Do Governor: Up to five times for television and radio broadcasts by using local broadcasting facilities, respectively.
Source: Article 70, Political Election Act, 2023"

Not a limit on spending but on the number and frequency of newspaper and broadcast advertisements.