Electoral system for national legislature

Kazakhstan, Constitutional Act of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 28.09.1995 No. 2464 (as amended in 2022), accessed 16 March 2023

Article 9. Electoral systems

2. Mazhilis members to the Parliament shall be elected according to a mixed electoral system: according to the system of proportional representation in the territory of a single nationwide constituency, as well as in single-seat territorial constituencies.

During the elections of Mazhilis members to the Parliament in single-seat territorial constituencies, a candidate shall be considered elected if a larger number of those voters who took part in the voting voted for his/her candidacy compared to other candidates.

Astana Times, What You Need to Know About Upcoming Election in Kazakhstan [by ASSEL SATUBALDINA in ELECTION 2023, NATION on 25 JANUARY 2023, accessed 16 March 2023

29 out of 98 members are elected in SMDs; 69 members are elected using List PR with closed lists from a single nationwide constituency; 5% national threshold.