Political Finance Database

"1. No political party shall -
(a) hold or possess any funds or other assets outside Nigeria; or
(b) be entitled to retain any funds or assets remitted or sent to it from outside Nigeria."" .  Section 225 (3), Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended   2. ""Any political party that—
(a) holds or possesses any fund outside Nigeria in contravention of section 225 (3) (a) of the Constitution, commits an offence and shall on conviction forfeit the funds or assets purchased with such funds to the Commission
and in addition may be liable to a fine of at least N5,000,000 ; or
(b) retains any fund or other asset remitted to it from outside Nigeria in contravention of section 225 (3) (a) of the Constitution commits an offence and shall on conviction forfeit the funds or assets to the Commission and in
addition may be liable to a fine of at least N5,000,000.  Section 85, Electoral Act 2022."

"1.. No association, other than a political party, shall canvass for votes for any candidate at any election or contribute to the funds of any political party or to the election expenses of any candidate at an election""  Section 221, Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended. 2. ""A company shall not have or exercise power either directly or indirectly to make a donation or gift of any of its property or funds to a
political party or political association, or for any political purpose, and if any company, in breach of this subsection makes any donation or gift of its property to a political party or political association, or for any political purpose, the
officers in default and any member who voted for the breach shall be jointly and severally liable to refund to the company the sum or value of the donation or gift and in addition, every such officer or member commits an offence and is liable to a fine equal to the amount or value of the donation or gift. Section 43 (2), Companies and Allied Matters Act 2020."

Source: International IDEA, Political Finance in the Digital Age – Nigeria.

As of December 22^nd, 2023, the case study by Victor Adetula has not yet been published. Once it does, you can add the source in the comment visible to the public. Most of the sentences come from the section ‘Effectiveness of the regulatory frameworks.’ 

"No association, other than a political party, shall canvass for votes for any candidate at any election or contribute to the funds of any political party or to the election expenses of any candidate at an election. Section 221, Constitution if the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended. "

"(1) Unless the rules of a trade union otherwise provide, in so far as the funds of a trade union represent payments which the members are required to make under the rules, whether by way of subscriptions, dues or otherwise, those funds shall not be applied (whether directly, or through any other union, association or body, or in any other indirect manner) to the furtherance of any political objective.
(2) If any of the funds of a trade union are applied to the furtherance of political objective in contravention of subsection (I) of this section the trade union and every official thereof shall be guilty of an offence under this Act.
(3) The following objectives, and no others, are political objectives for the purposes of this section, that is to say-
(a) the making of contributions towards the funds of any political party; (b) the payment of any expenses incurred (whether directly or indirectly) by a candidate or prospective candidate for election to any political office in Nigeria or any part of Nigeria, being expenses incurred before, during or after election in connection with his candidature or election; (c) the holding of any meeting or the distribution of any literature or document in support of any such candidate or prospective candidate; (d) the maintenance of any person while he holds in Nigeria or any part of Nigeria a political office to which he has been elected; (e) the registration of electors in Nigeria or any part thereof; (f) the holding of a political meeting of any kind or the distribution of political literature or political documents of any kind, unless the main purpose of the meeting or distribution is to further the regulation of the terms and conditions of employment of workers. Section 15 of the Trade Union Act."

"No association, other than a political party, shall canvass for votes for any candidate at any election or contribute to the funds of any political party or to the election expenses of any candidate at an election. Section 221, Constitution if the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended." 

"(1) Unless the rules of a trade union otherwise provide, in so far as the funds of a trade union represent payments which the members are required to make under the rules, whether by way of subscriptions, dues or otherwise, those funds shall not be applied (whether directly, or through any other union, association or body, or in any other indirect manner) to the furtherance of any political objective.
(2) If any of the funds of a trade union are applied to the furtherance of political objective in contravention of subsection (I) of this section the trade union and every official thereof shall be guilty of an offence under this Act.
(3) The following objectives, and no others, are political objectives for the purposes of this section, that is to say-
(a) the making of contributions towards the funds of any political party; (b) the payment of any expenses incurred (whether directly or indirectly) by a candidate or prospective candidate for election to any political office in Nigeria or any part of Nigeria, being expenses incurred before, during or after election in connection with his candidature or election; (c) the holding of any meeting or the distribution of any literature or document in support of any such candidate or prospective candidate; (d) the maintenance of any person while he holds in Nigeria or any part of Nigeria a political office to which he has been elected; (e) the registration of electors in Nigeria or any part thereof; (f) the holding of a political meeting of any kind or the distribution of political literature or political documents of any kind, unless the main purpose of the meeting or distribution is to further the regulation of the terms and conditions of employment of workers. Section 15 of the Trade Union Act."

"A political party shall not accept or keep in its possession any anonymous monetary or other contribution, gift or property, from any source. Section 90 (1) of the Electoral Act 2022."

Section 12: "All candidates shall disclose to the Commission records of all contributions and other sources of funds for their campaign as well as records of expenditure in a prescribed format issued by the Commission".  
Section 13: "Every candidate shall maintain a record of all contributions as well as any other source(s) of funds. The record shall include the names, addresses, occupation of the donor(s) and amount donated".  
Section 14: "No candidate shall accept or keep in his possession any amount anonymously donated or other contributions, gifts or property from any source whatsoever". 
Guidelines and Regulations for Political Parties, 2013.

"No association, other than a political party, shall canvass for votes for any candidate at any election or contribute to the funds of any political party or to the election expenses of any candidate at an election"  Section 221, Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended.

"No association, other than a political party, shall canvass for votes for any candidate at any election or contribute to the funds of any political party or to the election expenses of any candidate at an election"  Section 221, Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended.

"No association, other than a political party, shall canvass for votes for any candidate at any election or contribute to the funds of any political party or to the election expenses of any candidate at an election." 
Section 221, Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended.  

"A company shall not have or exercise power either directly or indirectly to make a donation or gift of any of its property or funds to a political party or political association, or for any political purpose, and if any company, in breach of this subsection makes any donation or gift of its property to a political party or political association, or for any political purpose, the officers in default and any member who voted for the breach shall be jointly and severally liable to refund to the company the sum or value of the donation or gift and in addition, every such officer or member commits an offence and is liable to a fine equal to the amount or value of the donation or gift." 
Section 43 (2) of the Companies and Allied Matters Act.

"No association, other than a political party, shall canvass for votes for any candidate at any election or contribute to the funds of any political party or to the election expenses of any candidate at an election." 
Section 221, Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended.  

"A company shall not have or exercise power either directly or indirectly to make a donation or gift of any of its property or funds to a political party or political association, or for any political purpose, and if any company, in breach of this subsection makes any donation or gift of its property to a political party or political association, or for any political purpose, the officers in default and any member who voted for the breach shall be jointly and severally liable to refund to the company the sum or value of the donation or gift and in addition, every such officer or member commits an offence and is liable to a fine equal to the amount or value of the donation or gift." 
Section 43 (2) of the Companies and Allied Matters Act.

(2) State apparatus including the media shall not be employed to the advantage or disadvantage of any political party or candidate at any election. Section 95 (2) Electoral Act 2022.

"The Commission shall have power to place limitation on the amount of money or other assets which an individual can contribute to a political party or candidate and to demand such information on the amount donated and source of the funds." 
Section 87 (1), Electoral Act 2022. 

"The Commission shall have power to place limitation on the amount of money or other assets which an individual can contribute to a political party or candidate and to demand such information on the amount donated and source of the funds." 
Section 87 (1), Electoral Act 2022. 

"The Commission shall have power to place limitation on the amount of money or other assets which an individual can contribute to a political party or candidate and to demand such information on the amount donated and source of the funds." 
Section 87 (1), Electoral Act 2022. 

"No association, other than a political party, shall canvass for votes for any candidate at any election or contribute to the funds of any political party or to the election expenses of any candidate at an election"  Section 221, Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended. 

"No individual or other entity shall donate to a candidate more than N50,000,000". Section 88 (8), Electoral Act, 2022.

"No individual or other entity shall donate to a candidate more than N50,000,000". Section 88 (8), Electoral Act, 2022.

"No individual or other entity shall donate to a candidate more than N50,000,000". Section 88 (8), Electoral Act, 2022.

"The Commission shall have power to place limitation on the
amount of money or other assets which an individual can contribute to a political party or candidate and to demand such information on the amount donated and source of the funds." 
Section 87 (1), Electoral Act 2022.

"No individual or other entity shall donate to a candidate more than N50,000,000." Section 88 (8), Electoral Act, 202215. 

"(1) All candidates shall:  (a)  submit detailed audited returns of their campaign expenses to the Commission within six months after an election. (b) such returns shall indicate details of donations, other sources of funding, expenditure on goods, services and sundry expenses incurred for the purpose of election. 
Section 15, Guidelines and Regulations for Political Parties, 2013."

Political Party Financial Reporting Manual 2015 at page 20.

"1) Any person who does any of the following—
(a) directly or indirectly, by his or herself or by any other person on his or her behalf, corruptly makes any gift, loan, offer, promise, procurement or agreement to or for any person, in order to induce such person to procure or to endeavor to procure the return of any person as a member of a legislative house or to an elective office or the vote of any voter at any election ; (b) upon or in consequence of any gift, loan, offer, promise, procurement or agreement corruptly procures, or engages or promises or endeavors to procure, the return of any person as a member of a legislative house or to an elective office or the vote of any voter at any election;
(c) advances or pays or causes to be paid any money to or for the use of any other person, with the intent that such money or any part thereof shall be expended in bribery at any election, or who knowingly pays or causes to be paid any money to any person in discharge or repayment of any money wholly or in part expended in bribery at any election ; (d) after any election directly, or indirectly, by his or herself, or by any other person on his or her behalf receives any money or valuable consideration on account of any person having voted or refrained from voting, or having induced any other person to vote or refrain from voting or having induced any candidate to refrain from canvassing for votes for his or herself at any such election, commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a maximum fine of N500,000 or imprisonment for a term of 12 months or both.
(2) A voter commits an offence of bribery where before or during an election directly or indirectly by his or herself or by any other person on his or her behalf, receives, agrees or contracts for any money, gift, loan, or valuable consideration, office, place or employment, for his or herself, or for any other person, for voting or agreeing to vote or for refraining or agreeing to refrain from voting at any such election. paid for or on account of any lawful expenses bona fide incurred at or concerning any election. (3) Nothing in this section shall extend or apply to money paid or agreed to be paid for or on account of any lawful expenses bona fide incurred at or concerning any election.
(4) Any person who commits the offence of bribery is liable on conviction to a maximum fine of N500,000 or imprisonment for a term of 12 months or both.
(5) Any person who conspires, aids or abets any other person to commit any of the offences under this Part of this Act commits the same offence and is liable to the same punishment.
(6) For the purpose of this Act, a candidate shall be deemed to have committed an offence if it was committed with his or her knowledge and consent."
Section 121, Electoral Act 2022.

Election expenses incurred by a political party for the management or  conduct of an election shall be determined by the Commission in consultation with the political parties. Section 89 (2) of the Electoral Act 2022.

Election expenses incurred by a political party for the management or  conduct of an election shall be determined by the Commission in consultation with the political parties. Section 89 (2) of the Electoral Act 2022.

"88.—(1) Election expenses shall not exceed the sum stipulated in subsections (2)-(7).
(2) The maximum election expenses to be incurred by a candidate at a presidential election shall not exceed N5,000,000,000.
(3) The maximum amount of election expenses to be incurred by a candidate in respect of governorship election shall not exceed N1,000,000,000.
(4) The maximum amount of election expenses to be incurred by a candidate in respect of Senatorial and House of Representatives seat shall not exceed N100,000,000 and N70,000,000 respectively.
(5) In the case of State Assembly election, the maximum amount of election expenses to be incurred by a candidate shall not exceed N30,000,000.
(6) In the case of a chairmanship election to an Area Council, the maximum amount of election expenses to be incurred by a candidate shall not exceed N30,000,000.
(7) In the case of Councillorship election to an Area Council, the maximum amount of election expenses to be incurred by a candidate shall not exceed N5,000,000. 
Section 88 (1) to (7) of the Electoral Act 2022."

(8) No individual or other entity shall donate to a candidate more than N50,000,000. Section 88 (8), Electoral Act 2022.

"(1) Every political party shall, at such times and in such manner as the independent National Electoral Commission may require, submit to the Independent National Electoral Commission and publish a statement of its assets and liabilities.
(2) Every political party shall submit to the Independent National Electoral Commission a detailed annual statement and analysis of its sources of funds and other assets together with a similar statement of its expenditure in such form as the Commission may require. 
Section 225 (1) and (2) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999."

"(3) Election expenses of a political party shall be submitted to the Commission in a separate audited return within six months after the election and such return shall be signed by the political party’s auditors and countersigned by the Chairman of the party and be supported by a sworn affidavit by the signatories as to the correctness of its contents.
(4) A political party which contravenes subsection (3) commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a maximum fine of N1,000,000 and in the case of failure to submit an accurate audited return within the stipulated period, the court may impose a maximum penalty of N200,000 per day on any party for the period after the return was due until it is submitted to the Commission.
(5) The return referred to in subsection (3) shall show the amount of money expended by or on behalf of the party on election expenses, the items  of expenditure and commercial value of goods and services received for election purposes.
(6) The political party shall cause the return submitted to the Commission under subsection (3) to be published in at least two national newspapers and official website of the party."
Section 89, Electoral Act 2022.

"(1) All candidates shall:
(a) submit detailed audited returns of their campaign expenses to the Commission within six months after an election.
(b) such returns shall indicate details of donations, other sources of funding, expenditure on goods, services and sundry expenses incurred for the purpose of election.
(2)  The audited return on campaign expenses shall be signed by the candidate and supported by an affidavit sworn by the candidate as to the correctness of its content. Section 15 (1) and (2) of the Guidelines and Regulations for Political Parties 2013."

"For election expenses: ""(6) The political party shall cause the return submitted to the Commission under subsection (3) to be published in at least two national newspapers and official website of the party"" . ""(8) The Commission shall make available for public inspection during regular business hours at its headquarters and state offices the audited returns of the political parties required by subsection (3) which shall include the names, addresses, occupation, and amount contributed by each contributor to a party.  Section 89 (6) and (8), the Electoral Act 2022." 

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other Act, law or regulation, the right of any person to access or request information, whether or not contained in any written form, which is in the custody or possession of any public official, agency or institution howsoever described, is established. 
Section 1 (1), Freedom of Information Act.

"90.—(1) A political party shall not accept or keep in its possession any anonymous monetary or other contribution, gift or property, from any source.
(2) A political party shall keep an account and asset book into which shall be recorded— (a) all monetary and other forms of contributions received by the party ; and (b) the name and address of any person or entity that contributes any money or asset which exceeds N1,000,000. (3) A political party shall not accept any monetary or other contribution which is more than N50,000,000 unless it can identify the source of the money or other contribution to the Commission. (4) A political party sponsoring the election of a candidate shall, within three months after the announcement of the results of the election, file a report of the contributions made by individuals and entities to the Commission"". Section 90 Electoral Act. 
 

"15.(1) All candidates shall: (a) submit detailed audited returns of their campaign expenses to the Commission within six months after an election. (b) such returns shall indicate details of donations, other sources of funding, expenditure on goods, services and sundry expenses incurred for the purpose of election. Section 15, Guidelines and Regulations for Political Parties 2013."

"90.—(1) A political party shall not accept or keep in its possession any anonymous monetary or other contribution, gift or property, from any source.
(2) A political party shall keep an account and asset book into which shall be recorded— (a) all monetary and other forms of contributions received by the party ; and (b) the name and address of any person or entity that contributes any money or asset which exceeds N1,000,000. (3) A political party shall not accept any monetary or other contribution which is more than N50,000,000 unless it can identify the source of the money or other contribution to the Commission. (4) A political party sponsoring the election of a candidate shall, within three months after the announcement of the results of the election, file a report of the contributions made by individuals and entities to the Commission". Section 90 Electoral Act. 

"15.(1) All candidates shall: (a) submit detailed audited returns of their campaign expenses to the Commission within six months after an election. (b) such returns shall indicate details of donations, other sources of funding, expenditure on goods, services and sundry expenses incurred for the purpose of election. Section 15, Guidelines and Regulations for Political Parties 2013."

"(2) Every political party shall submit to the Independent National Electoral Commission a detailed annual statement and analysis of its sources of funds and other assets together with a similar statement of its expenditure in such form as the Commission may require." Section 225 (2) constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended.

"For Election Expenses Report:  "(5) The return referred to in subsection (3) shall show the amount of money expended by or on behalf of the party on election expenses, the items of expenditure and commercial value of goods and services received for election purposes"". Section 89 (5) Electoral Act 2022.  

"15. (1) All candidates shall: (a) submit detailed audited returns of their campaign expenses to the Commission within six months after an election. (b) such returns shall indicate details of donations, other sources of funding, expenditure on goods, services and sundry expenses incurred for the purpose of election." Section 15, Guidelines and Regulations for Political Parties 2013. 

"(2) Every political party shall submit to the Independent National Electoral Commission a detailed annual statement and analysis of its sources of funds and other assets together with a similar statement of its expenditure in such form as the Commission may require." Section 225 (2) constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended.

"(4) A political party sponsoring the election of a candidate shall, within three months after the announcement of the results of the election, file a report of the contributions made by individuals and entities to the Commission". 
Section 90 Electoral Act. 

""15.(1) All candidates shall: (a) submit detailed audited returns of their campaign expenses to the Commission within six months after an election. (b) such returns shall indicate details of donations, other sources of funding, expenditure on goods, services and sundry expenses incurred for the purpose of election"". Section 15, Guidelines and Regulations for Political Parties 2013. 

"(2) Every political party shall submit to the Independent National Electoral Commission a detailed annual statement and analysis of its sources of funds and other assets together with a similar statement of its expenditure in such form as the Commission may require." 
Section 225 (2) constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended.

"The Independent National Electoral commission, shall in every year prepare and submit to the National Assembly a report on the accounts and balance sheet of every political party.
(2) It shall be the duty of the commission, in preparing its report under this section, to carry out such investigations as will enable it to form an opinion as to whether proper books of accounts and proper records have been kept by any political party, and if the Commission is of the opinion that proper books of accounts have not been kept by a political party, the Commission shall so report"". 
(5) The Commission shall have power to give directions to political parties regarding the books or records of financial transactions which they shall keep and, to examine all such books and records." Section 226 and 225 (5) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended.

"The Independent National Electoral commission, shall in every year prepare and submit to the NationalAssembly a report on the accounts and balance sheet of every political party.
(2) It shall be the duty of the commission, in preparing its report under this section, to carry out such investigations as will enable it to form an opinion as to whether proper books of accounts and proper records have been kept by any political party, and if the Commission is of the opinion that proper books of accounts have not been kept by a political party, the Commission shall so report". 
(5) The Commission shall have power to give directions to political parties regarding the books or records of financial transactions which they shall keep and, to examine all such books and records." Section 226 and 225 (5) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended.